Neville O' Riley Livingstone,
born on 10th of April 1947, and loved by generations of Jamaican music
lovers as Bunny Wailer, remains one of reggae's most reclusive and understated
heroes.
He grew up alongside Bob Marley in the country, his father, Thaddius
"Taddy" Livingstone, moved to Kingston at the same time as
Bob's mother Cedella, where he opened a rum bar. Both the young boys
were left behind to be looked after by relatives until they were old
enough to move to the city themselves. Eventually a relationship developed
between Cedella and Taddy, which led to the birth of a daughter Pearl.
Growing up together in Kingston, the boys developed a strong desire
to become musicians, and along with another friend, Winston McIntosh
(Peter Tosh), began attending music lessons in the yard of local recording
artist Joe Higgs.
Beginning
their recording career with Clement "Coxson" Dodd in December
1963, the boys, under the name of The Wailers, soon became local celebrities,
scoring a string of hits beginning with the rude boy commentry "Simmer
Down" recorded at their very first session.
Although Bunny possesed one of the most beautiful voices ever to be
captured in a Jamaican studio, he did not effectively step out from
the shadow cast by Bob until Marley left to stay wth his mother in the
US in 1966. During Marley's sabbatical, Bunny mined a previously untapped
creative vein, recording his own compositions such as "Dancing
Shoes", "Who Feels It Knows It", "Rock Sweet Rock"
and the first attempt at "Dreamland".
Unfortunately, this creativity was brought to a halt early in 1967,
when Bunny was arrested for possesing marijuana. Even though no herb
was found, Bunny was convicted, and sent to Richmond Farm prison for
14 months, in which time the Wailers began a deal with Danny Sims and
his JAD organisation.
Released in September 1968, Bunny returned to the Wailers who continued
their works with JAD, as well as issuing recordings on their own Wail
'N' Soul' 'M label. Once again Bunny kept a relatively low profile in
the band, his only major recording from this time being the amusing
"Tread Oh", which features the memorable line "take it
easy on my pony".
Following
an albums worth of material recorded for Leslie Kong in April 1970,
the Wailers next teamed up with Lee Perry, and Bunny sang lead on "Rebel's
Hop", "Riding High", and the memorable "Brain Washing".
In 1971 Bunny enjoyed huge popularity with a Perry produced version
of "Dreamland", which remains one of his most important and
enduring recordings.
Under Perry's guidance , the Wailers finally developed and settled
on a sound that would become the pillar for their future work. In 1972
work began on an album for Island Records, during which time Bunny also
began releasing records on his own Solomonic label. Amongst the earliets
releases on this label were "Search For Love", and "Bide
Up".
The first Wailers album on Island, "Catch A Fire" came out
in April 1973, but it wasn't until the second album in November that
year that Bunny contributed a lead vocal. In fact that album, "Burnin'"
featured two splendid tracks from Bunny, "Hallelujah Time"
and "Pass It On", both wonderfully uplifting tracks with Bunny
in fine voice. A third Bunny track "Reincarnated Souls" was
originally slated as the title track, but was eventually relegated to
the B side of the "Concrete Jungle" single.
With
the Wailers picking up rave reviews, both for their records and live
shows, the future looked bright for the band, but at the end of 1973,
Bunny refused to tour any longer, and his place on the American leg
of the tour was taken by mentor Joe Higgs.
Back in Jamaica with the tour complete, the original trio of the Wailers
fell apart. Bunny continued his refusal to tour, and Peter Tosh was
unhappy at the limited outlets for his own compositions within the band.
By 1974, Bunny and Peter were no longer in the Wailers, but Bob retained
the name for his backing musicians, and both Peter and Bunny issued
singles crediting the Wailers.
Bunny continued with his Solomonic label, issuing "Battering Down
Sentence" and "Rastaman" in '74, and "Arabs Oil
Weapon" in 1975. 1975 also saw a reunion of the Wailers trio at
the National Sports Stadium on October 4th, where Bunny sung lead on
"Dreamland" and "Battering Down Sentence".
Bunny's first solo album "Blackheart Man" followed in 1976,
and was an astounding collection, featuring re-workings of older tracks
and fresh material of exceptional quality. The album is rightly regarded
as one of the finest reggae works of all time, and still retains the
impact it originally had all these years later.
"Protest" followed in 1977, and in 1978 Bunny recorded the
main theme for the film "Rockers", as well as enjoying success
with the hits "Love Fire" and "Roots Radics Rockers Reggae"
before releasing his third album "Struggle" in 1979.
In
1980 Bunny recorded an album full of Wailers recuts for Island, and
following Bob's untimely passing in 1981, he recorded the "Tribute"
album in honour of his life long friend. Also issued in 1981 was the
dancehall influenced "Rock 'N' Groove" album, and it was from
these cover versions and dance tunes that led to criticism of Bunny's
output over the next decade.
Many people considered Bunny's dance tunes to be trivial, and below
what he was capable of producing, but he ignored the criticism and continued
in a similar vein throughout the '80s. Whatever the level of seriousness
in his music, it remained enjoyable, and his releases were eagerly anticipated
by his loyal following.
Further hampering his career outside of the reggae buying public was
his continued reclusivness and refusal to tour outside of Jamaica. Bunny's
first live performance as a solo artist outside of Jamaica didn't come
until 1986, when he appeared at Long Beach in California, since when
he has appeared rarely on stage. The changing musical climate in Jamaica
was also a problem, and on one infamous occasion he was booed off stage,
with the crowd throwing objects as well as insults.
In 1985, Bunny began work on a Wailers re-union album, in which he
took tapes recorded for JAD in 1967 and added contemporary overdubs
and additional vocals. With Bunny in the production chair, he was joined
by Peter Tosh, Constantine Walker and Junior Braithwaite for the project,
and the idea was to package the set as a double album with the original
versions on one record and the overdubbed cuts on the other.
The project started well enough, and a single, "Music Lesson/Nice
Time" was issued in 1986 and sold extremely well. Unfortunately
progress was eventually hampered by fallings out with Rita Marley, continuing
legal wrangles, and ultimately the tragic loss of Peter Tosh, who was
murdered in his home on September 11th 1987.
The project lay dormant for years, until it was finally issued in the
US by RAS records in 1994, with Peter Tosh's son Andrew inducted into
the Wailers for the release. Sadly the album failed to live up to it's
potential, the original versions of the songs failed to appear as hoped,
and the overdubbed versions already sounded dated 8 or 9 years after
their recording.
Another
tribute to Bob Marley came in 1995 when Bunny released the collection
"Hall Of Fame", on which he recorded 50 of Bob's songs, including
the unrecorded "Fancy Curls", which is reputedly the first
song Bob ever wrote.
Bunny Wailer's output has divided some Wailers followers. Many love
his lighthearted dance tunes and cover versions for which he has won
3 Grammy's, while other yearn for the day he commits himself to more
serious reasonings, such as those that have appeared sporadically on
his albums. He undoubtedly has the talent, and his releases will continue
to be of interest, even if they do occasionally fail to fulfil their
full potential to some.
With Bunny Wailer you get the feeling that something special is just
waiting to happen, hopefully that something special will manifest itself
very soon.
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